The lack of IT systems within the logistics department of TATCO Yemen Literature review

The lack of IT systems within the logistics department of TATCO Yemen - Literature review Example Tatco-Yemen is a branch of Abudawood Group,a diversified group of companies that operates in the Middle East,Europe and the United States.The company specializes in the professional management of assets in different sectors including trading,sales and delivery of commodities,real estate,education and training of staffs,and financial investment. The company’s logistics focuses on supplying various products to consumers, an area where it has registered significant successes in the recent past. However, due to the rapid growth and expansion of its consumer base, stark challenges in the company’s management of inventory continue to exist. Tatco grapples with multiple problems related with the lack of Information Technology systems within the logistics department; these include, delays in the arrival of hard copies of important documents like invoices, causing unnecessary delays in customs clearance. Moreover, cargoes remain in the Yemeni port for longer due to lack of stora ge; and wrong information about the date of product. These problems have proved to be costly to the company. The paper explores the challenges of lack of IT systems in Tatco’s logistics department. Generally, logistics is an all-encompassing aspect of business involving planning, controlling and organizing the movement of goods and services, communications, real-time facts and people from the one point to another (Slater, 2012). Most of successful companies such as Tatco have in place strong a logistical department that supports the movement of its various assets across the country. The main problem with Tatco, however, is that most of its logistics processes are not properly integrated and built around IT systems. Processes such as handling of the materials, storage, information, shipment, packaging and inventory still lag behind, with the old paper work methods still in place (Safadi, 2003). The company suffers from ineffective logistical support and as such geographical restructuring of unfinished products, and the cleared inventories have been largely unpredictable, leading to products delays and rising operational costs (Von Der Gracht, 2008). Farooquie and Nasir (2010) in dicated that in any organization, the logistics department is expected to deliver on everything related with logistics by ensuring that the processes are developed in line with the organizational objectives of cost reduction and maximization of efficiency. However, the lack of IT systems within the organization present grave challenges to the organization’s storage processes distribution of wares, warehousing, and transportation of goods (Raj, 2009).

The Stereotype of Intolerance Essay Example for Free

The Stereotype of Intolerance Essay I have many international friends in my area, with whom I have shared good times and bad.   I have slept in their homes, and even been considered by their parents a genuine part of their families.   Yet I disliked the fact that Indian families may often act only the basis of emotions.   I blamed their emotionally charged natures on the Indian soap operas they watched day after day.   I disliked those Indian shows even though I had watched only two of them in my entire life.    Still, I knew that it was best not to feel negative emotions in myself.   I had to stop being stereotypically intolerant, after all, and love my friends as I loved my own family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Indian dramas that my friends’ families loved to watch daily were just slow motion pictures in my opinion.   Each moment of each drama focused on lethargic and unreal adventures in emotions.   Nothing went very far.   Crying; getting offensive about everything under the bright blue sky; and blaming one another were the themes of the shows.   I disliked them with all my heart.   And, whenever it was time for my friends’ families to watch those Indian shows, I found myself leaving their homes.   I was even uncomfortable leaving in those moments, given that my own negative emotions were obnoxious enough to seem to strangle me because I did not understand them at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to understand my emotions, in the face of the fact that I loved my Indian â€Å"families,† I made an effort to watch â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee† (2006) with my friends another time.   While watching the show this time, I was observant of my own reactions and feelings.   At the same time, I observed the others in the TV lounge watching the show with me.   Two of Vijay’s aunts sobbed during the show.   To my surprise, Vijay, his mom, and his dad also started to laugh during the show soon after I had witnessed the sobbing aunts.   I relaxed there and then, and from that point on, the show was a breeze.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee† lasts only thirty minutes each time, five days a week, I disliked it the first two times I watched it.   I believed that it was the TV drama that had taught my Indian friends to overreact to certain emotional issues in the past.   I also believed that the emotional drama was a bad influence on me. Obviously, I was being oversensitive at the same time as I blamed the drama for teaching oversensitivity to its viewers.   Besides, I was not thinking that it is the individual himself with the prerogative to allow conditioning of any sort.   Nobody can force us to be influenced by anything.   Thus, being stereotypically intolerant is nobody’s problem except our own.   The good news is that it is possible for us to get rid of our stereotypes by analyzing them like I did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Now I have stopped detesting the Indian shows that I previously could not digest.   I can stay in my friends’ homes as long as I please.   Apart from this, I have understood that my Indian â€Å"families† have a right to feel and believe whatever they do.   Choosing emotions over the intellect many a times is their choice and responsibility.   And if I love them, I must do so regardless of the different perspectives we have about dealing with ourselves and others. While I imagine that I am granting my Indian friends this â€Å"space to breathe,† in actuality this space is mine to occupy.   I give up my stereotypical intolerance today – and for ever – but only after realizing that I had adopted this stereotype subconsciously, or perhaps just by observing it in society.   After analyzing this stereotype, I feel like a different, freer person altogether.   For sure, it was difficult to breathe in negativity. References â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee.† Star Plus (30 December 2006). TV Series.

Sport And Physical Activity Physical Education Essay

Sport And Physical Activity Physical Education Essay 1. INTRODUCTION Sport and physical activity are powerful tools and by engaging all sections of the community, they can help to break down barriers, bring people together to share positive experiences and gain a greater understanding of each others lives. Sport can enrich peoples quality of life, by improving health and well-being. It can help raise self-esteem and confidence and provide enjoyment, which in turn builds stronger, safer communities, strengthens the economy and helps to develop the skills of local people. Sportercise is a multi-faceted company, recently developed in the Liverpool area. This company has developed a programme of initiatives to overcome barriers restricting participation in sport and physical activity amongst young people in the community. The government modernising agenda continues to have an impact on the services delivered. The Recreation Best Value Review, the Customer Focus Initiative, Public, Private, Partnership, the Local Performance Service Agreement (LPSA), the Investors in People Programme and more recently legislation from The Children ACT 2004 sets out new statutory duties and accountabilities for childrens services on local government and other service providers. This is supported by a new national framework for children and young people set out in Every Child Matters and summarised in the table below. The fundamental aspect of the Every Child Matters national framework is that services are built around the needs of young people. The framework is based on five key outcomes that children say are important to their well being now and in later life i.e. being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic well being. Research evidence demonstrates the contribution that sport and physical activity can make in meeting the Every Child Matters agenda nationally. Framework outcomes: à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¤Being healthy Sport reduces the risk of illness and ill health for young people can help to prevent or tackle obesity and contributes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¤Staying safe Sport can promote community cohesion and decrease the likelihood of young people being the victims of youth crime or anti-social behaviour, bullying or discrimination. It can also help to reduce some accidents among young people. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¤Enjoying and achieving Sport assists young people to learn and attain educational standards, contributes to their personal and social development and to their enjoyment of leisure time. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¤Making a positive contribution Sport engages young people in community activity, reduces the likelihood of them being involved in youth crime or anti-social behaviour; develops their self confidence and encourages positive behaviour and relationships. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¤Achieving economic well being Sport helps young people to become economically active through providing training and employment opportunities both directly and indirectly In partnership with relevant agencies, the local and regional sporting community, public, private and voluntary sector organisations in Merseyside for example; Liverpool Youth Service, Liverpool Youth Offending Team, Liverpool Local Education Authority and Local sports clubs. Sportercise will continue to develop a wide range of recreational, health, and sporting opportunities throughout the area. The Governments Policy Action Team 10 Report of the Social Exclusion Units work, recognises the part sport can play in economic regeneration and the promotion of community spirit. The report shows how sport can not only make a valuable contribution to delivering key outcomes of lower long-term employment, less crime, better health and better qualifications. It demonstrates how sport can develop individual pride, community spirit and the capacity to enable communities to implement regeneration programmes for themselves and is a strong endorsement of the policies and activities, which Sportercise has developed in Liverpool. Investment in sport is not just a sports policy. Its a health policy, an education policy, an anti crime policy, and an anti drugs policy (Rt Hon Tony Blair, Prime Minister, September 2000). Sportercise is committed to ensuring equality of access for all members of the community. This will be achieved through liaison with relevant target groups to tackle issues of social exclusion, gun and knife culture, barriers to participation and the development of sport, recreation / health and physical activity within the community. 1.1 Mission Statement The Sportercise Team are committed to developing diverse and high quality programme of sports and physical activity for all people of Liverpool. Sportercise aims to promote a positive sporting and educational environment in order for young people and the community to enjoy a healthy lifestyle, raising awareness of nutrition, healthy eating, education and participation in sport. 1.2 Key Aims and objectives Sportercise will provide sporting, physical activity and health related opportunities for children, young people and families who wish to participate in sport more frequently, with special consideration given to the sedentary population and people with disabilities. Sportercise will continue the development of the physical activity programme through their work and the implementation of the following: Organised sports and physical activities, competitions and events Curriculum/after school initiatives/breakfast clubs Holiday schemes/weekend schemes/sporting camps Taster sessions for all ages and abilities Training, leadership and coaching opportunities for teachers, youth workers, clubs, parents and volunteers interested in supporting the work of the project Specialised assistance for people with disabilities to increase participation in sport To work with the proposed Sub Regional Sports Physical Activity Partnerships to implement an agreed programme of sporting/health related opportunities across Liverpool. Improve pathways and exit routes for talented young people to fulfil their full potential To provide an in depth mentoring programme for school children, looked after children and youth clubs. initiative so that the whole family can participate in sport and physical activity (dads lads, to create an active families, mums daughters) To organise and run sports days in Primary Schools that encourages the whole family. To offer the local school children an opportunity to access and experience alternative activities during the school holidays through local play schemes. Thus allowing those individuals excluded from sport the opportunity to access activities, arts and crafts and alternative forms of exercise. To provide accredited awards for individuals to work towards, such as the sports leaders awards and NGB qualifications. The objectives of the programme being to: Reduce childhood obesity and promote a culture of physical activity Reduce the risk of anti social behaviour Reduce the risk of bullying and violence Improve self confidence and self esteem Improve self image Tackle barriers that prevents young people from taking part in physical activity Have fun Make friends and integrate with someone from different cultures and race Learn new skills and try something completely new 2. THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK A strategic management framework for the Cultural, Tourism and Sport Department has been developed and adopted by Sportercise to ensure that the organisation contributes to Merseyside Sport Vision, values and priorities. It is this process by which continuous improvement within the service will be monitored and reviewed. The Merseyside Sports partnership works with the 5 main community sports networks of Wirral, Halton, Sefton, Knowsley, St Helens and Liverpool The main priorities of this sports partnership are to: Increase the number of people participating in sport Widen access to opportunities for sport and active recreation Bring together and align partners; existing priorities and targets within one joined up local action plan for active recreation in the community sports network, based on the needs of the local community. Over the next 4 years Sportercise aims to promote sport and physical activity across Merseyside, providing numerous opportunities for all people to have access to a variety of sporting activities, regardless of ability. Sportercise 4 Year Plan Year 1 Focus on South Liverpool, whilst making links with other areas Year 2 Focus on South Liverpool and Central Liverpool, whilst making links with other areas Year 3 Focus on South Liverpool, Central Liverpool and North Liverpool whilst making links with other areas Year 4 Focus on the whole of Merseyside This vision relates heavily towards Liverpool City Councils overall vision and values (where this project will initially be set up). Liverpool City Councils Vision and Values have been developed to guide the organisation and the service delivery it provides. The Council aspires to create a district where everyone values the importance of being physically active and has the opportunity to be so. This drives the Councils strategic plans and policies, including the Community Strategy, Local Cultural Strategy and departmental service plans. Supporting this vision the Council has developed, through consultation, six corporate priorities; which Sportercise aims to contribute towards, these are: Building the Infrastructure and settings This is concerned with Increasing and improving the quality of accessible facilities and opportunities to participate in sport and physical activity across the Merseyside Encouraging healthier lifestyle Looking to raise the awareness of the value of physical activity and sport, whilst also taking into consideration of the opportunities available to young people Aim to promote a wider variety of activities and not necessarily the more traditional ones. Also developing a sport structure to help individuals change their attitudes and become more active. Closing the Gap To address and remove the barriers which prevent people participating in sport, through increasing physical activity opportunities for minority ethnic groups and disadvantaged communities Create an equal opportunity for everyone to enjoy and participate in sport and physical activity Meeting the needs of children, young people and families Improve the quality time spent of families participating in sport and physical activity to encourage healthier lifestyles. Develop the message thats its cool to be active through the use of both traditional and non traditional activities, Develop programmes specifically designed for those people at are obese or at risk of becoming obese, identify gifted and talented people and providing exit routes and performance pathways for them to compete at the highest level. Increase the participation of older people to improve their health by the active families initiative. Active Ageing Introduce initiatives to get older people more involved in physical activity whether this be through participation or mentoring younger people in a bid to get them to be more active. Building Capacity Increase resources available for sport and physical activity through developing effective partnerships. Develop a workforce within Merseyside who are experienced in the delivery of sport and physical activity that can help identify and nurture talent. By Sportercise focusing on the same strategic aims and priorities as Merseyside and the Cultural, Tourism and Sport Department consistency in the approach to tackling these priorities will be achieved and will ensure that improvements occur in priority areas identified by local people. Other departmental plans that have been developed to achieve this goal include: Sport Physical Activity Strategy 2007 2012 Financial Management Strategy Marketing Strategy Recreation Best Value Review Merseyside Plan for Sport Community Strategy Chart 1.The Strategic Framework Community Strategy A multi-agency partnership approach to promoting the economic, environmental and social well being of the area, which is currently being developed. This local strategy will be delivered through Local Strategic Partnerships and Neighbourhood Partnerships The Councils Vision, Values and Priorities Governments Cross-Cutting Agenda Social Inclusion The involvement and inclusion in cultural activities of those most likely to be excluded and disadvantaged Lifelong Learning Supporting of all kinds of learning at any age Regeneration Improving social, economic and environmental wellbeing of an area Sustainability Managing services and facilities in an economical and environmentally sustainable way e-Government Establishing UK-wide Information Communications Technology (ICT) by 2005 Best Value Programme to achieve continuous improvement of council services and ensure delivery in an efficient, effective and economic way Departmental Performance Plan Sets out how the Department will monitor the implementation of the action plan and key objectives by using a comprehensive Performance Management System The Councils Best Value Performance Plan A statutory document published annually to tell local people what the Council is trying to achieve on their behalf and how it is meeting the demands of Best Value. It reviews the Councils performance and suggested improvements Local Cultural Strategy An overarching strategy developed in partnership with the voluntary, private and public sectors to guide the development of culture in the area Physical Activity and Sport Strategy 2007 2012 Sportercise Business Plan Chart 2. Links between Plans and Strategies Sportercise Business Plan Local Cultural Strategy Departmental Plans Sport, Parks and Recreation Service Plan Recreation Best Value Review Marketing Strategy Information Strategy Departmental Performance Plan National and Regional Strategies Mayors Cultural Strategy National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal Regional Sports Plans Sustainable Transport Strategy Economic Development Strategy Sport England NHS Plan National Framework for Sport Merseyside plan for Sport National Health Service Frameworks for Coronary Disease and Older People Council/ Cross-cutting Plans and Strategies Community Strategy Corporate Plan / Best Value Performance Plan Customer Focus Initiative Unitary Development Plan Local Agenda 21 Crime and Disorder Strategy Tourism Strategy Community Safety Strategy Youth Service Plan Sports Strategy Health Improvement Plan Sport Physical Activity Strategy 2.1 Links with other Plans and Strategies The Sportercise Business Plan and associated Recreational Service documents do not exist in isolation, but links with other plans, strategies and initiatives both within the Council and externally with partner agencies. Linkages and working in partnership avoids duplication of resources and ensures that there is a joined up approach towards achieving related aims and objectives, examples of which can be seen in Chart 2. Merseyside Plan for Sport The Sportercise Business Plan is linked heavily to the Merseyside Plan for Sport, with Sportercise having the same ideas on sport, education and community progress. The Merseyside Plan for Sport was devised in accordance with the governments game plan initiative, in order to raise participation rates in sport whilst also aiming to lower crime and improve community safety. The main targets of the Merseyside Plan for Sport are: Increase participation rates in sport across Merseyside Improve levels of sporting performance in young people Widen access to participation in sport, allowing all people to have equal opportunities to participate Improve the health and well being of people in Merseyside Improve community safety by using sport as a way of reducing crime and anti social behaviour rates Raise standards in education by working in partnerships with the local schools. Using sport as a way of benefitting the economy Merseyside Sport The Sportercise Business Plan links directly to the Merseyside sports plan, which has been devised in order to increase participation levels, generate a wider access to sport and active recreation and also bring together and align partners to meet existing targets within the 5 main areas of Merseyside. Liverpool City Councils Sports and Physical Activity Strategy 2007 2012 The Sports and Physical Activity Strategy 2007 2012 was developed in 2007. The strategy guides the development of sporting / physical activities and facilities in Liverpool and prioritises actions to achieve this. It also underpins bids to secure external funding, which will assist in developing and improving sports and physical activity provision within the area. It aims to develop opportunities for people to participate in sport through direct provision of quality services and in an enabling role with other agencies. Furthermore, it seeks to create equality of access to services through the location of facilities in local areas, considered programming of activities to encourage participation from groups previously excluded and that access issues for those with disabilities are considered for buildings. Customer Focus Initiative (CFI) The Councils commitment to developing the Customer Focus Initiative (a private Finance Initiative) will facilitate the development of ICT systems to provide much needed customer data. It seeks to harness the latest technology to provide increased connectivity between the Council systems and a single point of contact for its customers. It will affect all parts of the Councils service delivery and provide a more efficient and effective service to all Council customers. Through the CFI, many benefits of state of the art computer systems such as customer relationship management (CRM) will provide valuable data on customers, of the type the department needs to meet its strategic aims and improve its knowledge and exploitation of the customer base. By providing a corporate ICT infrastructure, systems will be rationalised, improving efficiency and simplifying service provision to customers. Through business transformation projects, identified as an area for improvement in the CFI Best Value Review, back and front office process will be linked and re-engineered to provide a more effective service to the public. Working in Partnership By adopting a partnership approach to service delivery, it is possible to ensure that the widest range of best quality services and opportunities are provided to the community. Sportercise will depend on a range of partners to develop and deliver its work such as: Neighbourhood Partnership Sport England Sub Regional Partnerships Sportslink Primary Care Trust Liverpool County FA Liverpool Lifestyles Liverpool Council Social Services Liverpool Council Education Services Liverpool Council Youth Services Liverpool Youth Offending Team Charitable Trusts Private Sector Organisations Voluntary sector Local Housing Associations The Police The Fire Brigade 2.3 Consultation Customer involvement will continue as work proceeds on key issues and recommendations. There is a commitment to creating a dialogue with the people of Liverpool to assess how well they think the service is performing and establishing what else needs to be considered. A consultation Audit of the Company will be conducted and a Communications Plan produced to address these issues. The mechanism by which continual dialogue with the public will be achieved is shown in Diagram One. This will be measured through annual satisfaction surveys and through mystery shopping exercises. Sportercise understands that consultation exercises are valuable in relation to gaining specific feedback on the services being provided. Through monitoring of targets, this will provide a measure of the success of increasing participation from people in the traditionally hard to reach groups. Sportercise is proactive in setting up a system to establish dialogue with customers to share information, concerns over aspects of service delivery and feedback on progress of projects or developments that will inform the Sportercise service planning process. Examples that will be used are: Talkback forms Sportslink Sport Physical Activity Forums Local Neighbourhood partnership meetings (by ward) Specialist focus groups to be set up for specific purposes Staff conferences/meetings Mystery Shopper Exercises Steering Groups Liverpool Schools Sports Partnership School Sports Co coordinator Steering Group Disability forums Diagram 1: The Consultation Process. Consultation Process Review service improvement priorities Implement service improvement Measure/ Evaluate outcome of service improvement Further consultation 2.4 Training Development Training and developing staff is an ongoing process within Sportercise. All training is documented and kept in the member of staffs individual development and learning folder to comply with IIP and Quest accreditation. Other courses and training undertaken by staff include: Health Safety Successful Staff Selection Computer training First Aid Customer Care Product knowledge Governing Body Awards 3. STAFFING Sportercise will employ two full time development officers, who are responsible for co-ordinating, adminstration and linking with relevant agencies to develop and promote the company. They will also deliver a diverse high quality programme of sport and physical activities to local schools, youth and community groups. The role of coaches is to act as enablers/facilitators within a wide range of sporting activities and in turn to implement the sports, competitions and events on behalf of the Council. In addition to the full time development officers Sportercise will employ sessional coaches as and when needed. However Sportercises level of output is dependent on the human and financial resources available. The financial position is enhanced by the successful generation of funds and in kind support from within the public, commercial, voluntary and charitable sector for specific initiatives. 4. PROGRAMMING Sportercise will adopt an outreach approach with no dedicated facilities of its own. The work undertaken by the Sportercise Team plays an important role in the sports development network of Liverpool and should be enhanced by the recently established links with relevant agencies, local and regional organisations, Sports England and sports Governing Bodies, Sportercise will continue to develop a wide range of area wide sporting/recreational and health related opportunities. The Team will work tirelessly to overcome the barriers that restrict participation in sport/recreation and health activities amongst young people, women, minority ethnic groups and people with disabilities, providing a mentoring service and also working to promote the awareness of gun and knife culture and other issues through the use of issue based workshops. Participation in sport therefore encompasses many benefits. These include: Enjoyment, fun, relaxation Social benefits from participation in group activities Increased confidence/self esteem Improves all round educational performance Development of leadership and teamwork skills Reduction in crime through sport as a diversionary activity Opportunity to acquire physical skills, and for those who have the potential, develop to top levels of performance General feel-good factor at an individual level and pride in performances of being in a team Health benefit healthy lifestyles Minimising the risk of anti-social behaviour Develops self discipline and self respect Fulfilment of individual potential up to and including top-level performance The development of interests in related sports Employment opportunities in sport and the leisure industry Contributes to regeneration strategies Kudos to the area in the form of regional, national and international honours 4.1 Curriculum Programme The programmes that are to be offered by the Sportercise team are very extensive and aim to provide opportunities to both the able bodied and the disabled. Those people with disabilities are a key target group in terms of sports development. It is important to consider this group at both the strategic and planning levels of development. Sport, leisure and physical activity play an important part in the lives of people with disabilities through building their self esteem, encouraging interaction and offering the physical benefits of improving mobility and general health. The Disability Officer continues to extend Sportercises work with this target group. The aim is that all people with disabilities should be able to participate in sport, recreation, leisure and health related activities in an environment that they choose, whether this is integrated or disability specific. In June 1998, the Health Education Authority reported on disability and sport. They commented that people with disabilities. Represent a significant and important proportion of the population Are often less active and have lower than average fitness levels Are at risk of developing health problems as a result of inactivity Face social and environment barriers to participation A survey undertaken by Health and Fentem in 1997 and the Governments White Paper on Health (November 2004) showed that levels of physical activity are lower for people with disabilities and confirmed the need to address the issue of under representation amongst this target group. Sportercise will tackle these issues in partnership with many organisations who work with the disabled and also through an effective relationship with Liverpool City Council who assist the development of sport for people with disabilities across Merseyside. Sportercise aims to include the following disability programme: Curriculum programmes in Special Schools After school clubs Weekend schemes Holiday projects Coach Education / training Competitions and events The planned curriculum programme to be offered will initially begin within the Liverpool area where there are 123 primary, 31 secondary schools, 2 Pupil Referral Units and 11 special schools. All these schools will be offered the opportunity to participate in the curriculum programme that provides specialist advice/support of the National Curriculum. The initiative incorporates six one-hour sessions in hockey, netball, basketball, athletics, Gymnastics, dance, swimming, rugby, cricket, tennis. These are delivered over a half term period by a qualified Governing Body coach. This programme will be developed in partnership with the Partnership Development Managers to ensure it details the work of the School Sports Coordinator initiative. When working with the disabled community we aim to provide a basic introduction to sport and health related activity which otherwise would not be available due to the limited expertise that exists particularly in primary school education. The programme includes all Special Schools who all receive six one-hour sessions over a half term period. Working with the School Sports Coordinators will provide support to PE Coordinators in the delivery of Physical Education. Along with the sporting activities offered by Sportercise, we also offer a curriculum programme to schools based around developing well rounded young people in Liverpool. This alternative programme offers mentoring sessions with young people, aiming to work on issues such as self esteem, behaviour, anger management and anti bullying. All of these sessions will help the young people of Liverpool develop personally and socially, thereby contributing to making Liverpool a safer area to live in, whilst also reducing the rates of crime and anti social behaviour. 4.2 After School and Weekend Programmes Sportercise will liaise with local agencies to ensure a co-ordinated approach is adopted. This is vital to ensure maximum use of resources. The after school and weekend programme provides participants with further opportunity to develop their knowledge and understanding of sport. The programme employs the expertise of local qualified sports coaching from clubs who act as ambassadors for their particular club. These clubs then offer the performance element within the sports development continuum for young people to continue their development. The young people will be encouraged to join sports clubs. Where clubs are unable to offer the young people the chance for continued participation, Sportercise will link with relevant governing bodies and individuals in the community to address this issue and hopefully resolve it by creating a community team. A priority of the programme is to attract non-participants to participate in sport outside of curriculum time and to experience the advantages and benefits of taking part in sport and physical activity. These initiatives provide positive experiences, reduce the possibility of young people becoming involved in criminal activities, address issues of social inclusion, life long learning and encourages the adoption of leading healthy and active lifestyles. The involvement of local sports clubs and the development of specific sports steering groups are an important ingredient for the long-term success of after school provision in Liverpool. Along with the sporting activities offered by Sportercise, we also offer a curriculum programme to youth clubs and community groups based around developing well rounded young people in Liverpool. This alternative programme offers mentoring sessions with young people, which aim to work on issues such as anger management and anti bullying. All of these sessions will help the you

The Benefits of File Sharing Technology :: Internet Online Communication Essays

Napster: The Benefits of File Sharing Technology Napster. Never before has one word brought so much controversy and debate over technology and peoples' rights to information. Napster was co-founded by Shawn Fanning, a college student with a million dollar idea. His idea was to provide people across the world the ability to download information from other users’ computers. Although this technology was already available through local networks, Shawn envisioned a way to make this network technology possible for the average college student like himself. What Shawn didn't envision however, was the lawsuits and court injunctions that now plague his company. These lawsuits have stemmed from Napster allegedly violating copyright laws set forth by the music industry. Seeing that Napster has approximately 64 million users worldwide, the company is being charged with allowing "rampant music piracy" (Evangelista 2001). Although this may be true, I believe that Napster is doing more good to our society than bad. It's use of file sharing technology and expression is allowing new standards to be set for the future. A great misconception is that Napster provides its clients with illegally pirated music software known as MP3's. These MP3's are compressed CD quality music files that can be stored on any computer for easy listening, or can be copied onto an actual CD for listening on the go. In actuality, Napster does not provide any pirated MP3's; rather they act as a catalog for users to find certain songs (Magid, 2001). When you run the Napster program on your computer, Napster opens a direct link from your folder with MP3's files in it, to the catalog on the Napster server. Since Napster has over 60 million members, at any given time during the day hundreds of thousands of people have their files catalogued through Napster. So when I want to search for a song, Napster searches though the thousands of open directories of its users. When I find the song I want, I download the MP3 file directly from that particular Napster users computer. Napster as you can see is just acting as a search directory for MP3 files. Now that you know how Napster works, let me tell you why the program upsets so many people. Napster first made national news when many universities, including IU, started to ban the file-sharing program. College students having access to Ethernet and large bandwidths could not resist Napster's service.

Health Promotion Study Guide Essay

Illness – is an event that manifests itself through observable/felt changes in the body. Illness is the state in which the physical, emotional, social, intellectual or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience. It is NOT synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. Wellness – is the state of being healthy in both body and mind as the result of deliberate effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an approach to healthcare that emphasizes preventing illness and prolonging life as opposed to emphasizing treating diseases. Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness: 1) Physical 2) Social 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) Spiritual 6) Occupational and 7) Environmental. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well which can be described objectively, experienced, and measured and can be plotted on a continuum. Dunn’s concept of high level wellness theorizes that wellness is the degree of illness/health modified by the environment. It says that it is an integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the person is capable. It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. The patient’s perception of health, wellness and illness must be considered by the nurse in order to provide individualized, quality care. Lifestyle factors that influence health: (PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Internal and external factors influence health status. Internal factors include Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, exercise and stress). External factors include: Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, riding on motorcycle), and Standard of living (less educated the poorer the health). How to take a patient’s temperature using different routes: (Lab & Kozier PP. 532-537) There are a number of body sites for measuring body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal adult temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In older adults ( > 70), temp is usually 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are usually 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. Oral: Most common route. Place thermometer underneath the tongue on either side of the frenulum. Do NOT take in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to ask if patient has had anything cold/hot to drink in last 30 minutes. Rectal: Most accurate route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sim’s position. Apply gloves and instruct patient to take a slow deep breath during insertion. Insert 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal surgery, has lower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, has a clotting disorder or Pt that has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who have had an MI. It is believed that this can stimulate the Vagus nerve which can cause myocardial damage. Tympanic: Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees higher than oral. These are non invasive and quick. To measure temp, pull pinna slightly upward and back( adults) and point the probe slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the probe slowly using a circular motion until snug. Axillary: The least accurate route but safest route. Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate reading it must be left in place for a long time. Temporal Artery: Safe, noninvasive and very fast. Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health care: Three levels of preventative care are: Primary – focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or groups. Examples include: Immunizations; risk assessments for specific disease i. e. iabetes; health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate health problems. Goal is to identify people in early stages of disease process and to limit future disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for people with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include: Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups; Teaching self exam of breast; screening surveys hypertension). Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the person to optimal level of functioning, within the constraints of the disability. This level of prevention occurs after an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include: caring for someone with a chronic disease; referring patient with colostomy to support group; teaching patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( heart disease); referring patient with spinal cord injury to a rehab to receive training to maximize his remaining abilities. Understand who the older adult is and physiological/psychological changes: Successful psychological aging is reflected in the older person’s ability to adapt to physical, social, and emotional losses and to achieve contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The older adult continues to learn and problems solve and intelligence and personality remain as they have always been. A person’s social ability does not change during the course of their life: if you were a young extrovert/introvert you will be an old extrovert/introvert. Wisdom increases as we age. As a person becomes older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are visible and some are not. In general lean body mass decreases, fat tissue increases, and bone mass decreases. Intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. Skin becomes drier and less elastic and they become more susceptible to skin tears. Bony prominences may become visible. There is a loss of overall stature and osteoporosis can occur in people who have insufficient intake of calcium and in women who have been through menopause. There is a steady decrease in muscle fibers. Reaction time slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced elasticity and increased rigidity of arteries and an increase in blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in many older adults. Decreased immune response and lowered resistance to infection is normal. Many older people have decreased thyroid function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory efficiency is reduced with age. Older adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and chronic disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have much to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) Retirement – this is often a difficult time of adjustment for people. Many have a sense of self worth from working and lose a sense of identity when they stop working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) Economic Change- Decrease in finances related to retirement and lack of pension plans/savings. Health care costs skyrocket because of increase in illnesses. This decrease in monetary resources can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting: At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people move closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very big stressor. Older adults can either live with their children; live in assisted living, live at home with adult day care, live in a long term care facility or in private group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to maintain their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and Grieving – as people age the chance of their spouse dying increases. Friends and family members die and this is a period of adjustment and grieving. The older person h as feelings of loss, emptiness and loneliness during this time. According to Erickson the developmental task at this time is ego vs. despair. People who attain ego integrity view life with a sense of wholeness and derive satisfaction from past accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people start focusing on their faith and spirituality. Most people start an internal life review and seriously start thinking about their own imminent death. Caregiver Role Strain†¦what is it? What nursing interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver role strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardize their own health and well-being. Nursing intervention would be to encourage caregivers to express their feelings and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with caregiving and acknowledge the caregivers competence. Through conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desired or need. Identify possible source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. Remind the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves. Know about these nursing diagnoses: Coping Ineffective, Fear, Anxiety (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping: Anxiety: Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an automatic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual); a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear: response to perceived threat is consciously recognized as a danger. Ineffective Coping: Inability to from a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use resources. Terms associated with assessment of pulse (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of pulse: Terms Locations: Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) Pulse: wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Cardiac output: volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) per minute. Compliance: ability of the arteries to expand Peripheral pulse: pulse located away from the heart Apical Pulse: central pulse; apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse Palpation: feeling Auscultation: hearing DUS: Doppler ultrasound stethoscope Tachycardia: excessively fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia: A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm: pattern of the beats and the intervals between beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia: irregular rhythm. Pulse volume: pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat. Elasticity of the arterial wall: reflects its expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion: blood flow to a particular area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication: (P. 469-470 box 26-2) Broad opening statement General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing Sharing observations Acknowledging feelings Silence Giving information Clarifying Implied verbal communication Summarizing Focusing (from power point #18 in communication) further information can be found on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 Different domains of learning: cognitive, affective, psychomotor: (P. 89) Cognitive domain – the â€Å"thinking† domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain – the â€Å"feeling† domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a â€Å"person’s depth of emotional response to tasks†. Psychomotor domain – the â€Å"skill† domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal vital signs for the adult and older adult. Average range for adults: (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (>75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures

Minority Representation

There are a number of places where the rationale behind having minority representation in any legislative or judicial sitting is asked for. There are a number of reasons why this could be mad important and essential for the betterment of the society and this is why the activity is usually practiced by several countries. Minority is defined in a number of ways. â€Å"The definition of a minority group can vary, depending on specific context, but generally refers to either a sub-group that does not form either a majority or a plurality of the total population, or a group that, while not necessarily a numerical minority, is disadvantaged or otherwise has less power (whether political or economic) than a dominant group.† (Wikipedia, 2007[1]) Minority representation is an important part of any legal formation because there are a number of countries that practice this. â€Å"Minority party is a term describing the party in a legislature that does not hold a majority. In the United States Congress, it is led by the minority leader. (Wikipedia, 2007[2]) The United States of America is known for having a minority party within its congress and any other legal formation because the minority party would then carry the interests of the minority group and they would help the issues that are faced by such people top be brought out into the open to the majority of the country. The majority party would not always be the one to stress upon a certain point or a event that should be achieved but rather there must be a few people who must work with the majority in order to explain them the benefits and the harm that may be faced by the people if such a thing takes place. The minority must be allowed to speak up on any important account because then their interests must also be heard and so that the minority groups are ensured not be suppressed over the other groups that are in majority. However, in a few countries, there are minority parties that are not provided all the representation that they need such as â€Å"The Minority Party (Minoritetspartiet) is a political party in Denmark without parliamentary representation.† (Wikipedia, 2007[3]) Such countries do not allow the voice of the minorities to be heard. Of course, there can be a rationale provided that not all minority parties can be provided with representation; else the place for the majority parties would reduce. Hence, there could be a system where only those minority parties that are deemed important in the legislation or another group must be invited. Who must decide the importance of the groups is a major issue because there could be a number of riots and arguments about the decisions that will be taken. Hence, there must be a way for the government of the authority to ensure that the parties needed are not left out. This is a great responsibility to ensure that the minorities are also allowed to take part in several groups and discussions for the betterment of the country so that in case there is a point or piece of fact that the majority groups are forgetting to analyze, the minority group could think about it and let them know. The minority group will not be a burden on the groups or discussions but rather could be a means to establishing a better society and a country that is acceptable to all and that there are no riots or demonstrations against what the citizens have to say against the government for the decisions that have been taken. References Wikipedia. (2007). Minority. Retrieved on February 7, 2007 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority Wikipedia. (2007). Minority Party. Retrieved on February 7, 2007 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_party [1] Wikipedia. (2007). Minority. Retrieved on February 7, 2007 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority   [2] Wikipedia. (2007). Minority Party. Retrieved on February 7, 2007 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_party [3] Wikipedia. (2007). Minority Party. Retrieved on February 7, 2007 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_party

3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure

3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure 3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure 3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Each of the following sentences is flawed because omission of a word prevents the statement from conveying the intended meaning. Discussion and revision point out the missing word. 1. Smith will discuss the organization’s mission and activities to date. The writer likely did not intend to suggest that the discussion would be about both the organization’s mission to date and its activities to date; its mission is almost certainly unchanging, so â€Å"to date† pertains only to the activities, and therefore that noun must be preceded by a possessive noun or pronoun to match the preceding possessive noun: â€Å"Smith will discuss the organization’s mission and its activities to date.† 2. Dennis Eckersley, with his familiar mustache and long hair flowing out from underneath his cap, was perhaps the face of the Oakland A’s in the late 1980s and early ’90s. Presumably, this baseball player’s mustache did not flow out from underneath his cap, so the references to the mustache and the long hair must have their own pronouns; in addition, each must be followed a distinct adjective: â€Å"Dennis Eckersley, with his trademark mustache and his familiar long hair flowing out from underneath his cap, was perhaps the face of the Oakland A’s in the late 1980s and early ’90s.† 3. The business moved forward without realizing the value or need for consultation with various departments. Because value and consultation would not, in isolation, be bridged with the same preposition that separate need and consultation, value requires a distinct preposition: â€Å"The business moved forward without realizing the value of or need for consultation with various departments.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 10 Colloquial Terms and Their MeaningsPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns